Words and Collocations from Chapter 3
Academic Encounters
Reading 1
newborn baby
gender role
be treated according to their gender
be handled gently
cuddle and kiss vt. 拥抱
bounce around vt. vi. n. 弹跳
building blocks n.积木
be less concerned about … 关心
transfer values and standards of behavior to … 向……传递价值观和行为规范
fit into society
conversational style 对话风格
to be ladylike: polite and quiet
rely more on their beauty than on their intelligence 更多依赖她们的美貌而不是智慧
mama’s boy
feminine adj. 女子气的
keep up a macho/masculine image adj. 男子气的
rough games
engage in
tease vi. vt. 取笑
dominant behavior adj. 支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的
intense relationship adj. 强烈的；紧张的；热情的；非常的
shared secrets
expectation
social activities
forbid .. to …
protectiveness
discourage … from being independent vt. 使气馁；使沮丧；阻碍；劝阻
gender-neutral
Reading 2 of Chapter 3
raise children
a traditionally feminine career
consistently (This word appears twice in this text. Could you tell where else we have encountered this word earlier this semester?)
academic achievement
the picture began to change
gender bias
unintentional adj. 不是故意的, 无心的, 无意识的
it occurred in almost all education settings
devote more time and attention to …
biological difference
too small to explain the difference
assertive adj. 断言的，肯定的；坚定而自信的；武断的，独断的
self-esteem n. 自尊，自负
a result of different expectations
historically = in the past
the gap has begun to widen
industrialized countries
mature (as a verb) adj. 成熟的 vt. 使…成熟
follow classroom rules 遵守课堂规则
plan ahead
meet deadline 按时完成
end up in prison n.监狱 v.监禁
Historically, there has been a gender bias in schools. Even after boys and girls began to take the same classes, boys enjoyed advantages. Biological difference cannot explain the gap in achievement between boys and girls, so scholars (学者们) are looking for other explanations. The gender gap in achievement is getting smaller. There are several possible explanations for why girls are beginning to do better than boys in school. Today educators are becoming more concerned about boys’ academic achievement.
Reading 3 of Chapter 3
The influence of mass media on gender roles
agent of socialization
mass media (examples) 大众媒体
traditionally (Using adverbs)
define the female role
define the … role in terms of … 在什么方面
television commercials adj. 商业的，商务的 n. 商业广告
primarily adv. 主要地，首要地
sex objects
dutiful homemakers adj. 顺从的
a variety of 多种多样的
portray vt. 画像；描述；扮演
household chores 家庭杂务
physical appearance
body-double 替身
close-up n.特写镜头
perceive vt. vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知
muscular | masculine
athletic
stereotype n. 老套, 模式化的见解, 有老一套固定想法的人 vt. 把…模式化, 使成陈规
a broader range of
male co-star 男配角
storyline n.故事情节
gain the respect of
rarely
reinforce = strengthen
dominant
submissive adj. 顺从的
sexualize = to make sexual : endow with a sexual character or cast
exaggerate vt. & vi. (使) 扩大, (使) 增加;夸大, 夸张